在日常生產(chǎn)中，車刀材料和形狀的合理選擇直接影響到勞動生產(chǎn)率和零件加工質量。在切削過程中，刀具必須承受很大的切削力和沖擊力，并且要在高溫下工作，并不斷承受強烈的摩擦和擠壓，這很容易引起車刀的磨損和損壞。如果不合理選擇工具材料，零件將無法滿足使用要求，造成材料浪費，機床和設備過早損壞，造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。因此，應根據(jù)不同的加工材料選擇不同的刀具材料。合理選擇切削刀具材料，不僅可以提高勞動效率，保證加工質量，而且可以節(jié)省成本，減輕工人的勞動強度。

合理選擇工具材料s

工具材料主要包括碳工具鋼，合金工具鋼，高速鋼，硬質合金，陶瓷和超硬工具材料。

碳素工具鋼和合金工具鋼主要用于制造工具，模具和量具。

高速鋼是一種工具鋼，具有更多的合金元素，例如鎢（W），鉬（Mo），鉻（Cr）和釩（V）。高速鋼工具易于制造，易于磨削，易于通過磨削獲得鋒利的邊緣，并且具有良好的韌性，常用于沖擊力較大的場合。它特別用于制造各種復雜的成型工具和孔加工工具。高速鋼可分為鎢和鎢鉬。鎢高速鋼（W18Cr4V）目前被廣泛使用，但由于耐熱性差而不能用于高速切削。鎢鉬高速鋼（w6wo5cr4v2）用于制造熱軋工具，麻花鉆等。

硬質合金是一種粉末冶金產(chǎn)品，它是由鎢和碳化鈦粉末以及鈷作為粘結劑制成，然后在高壓下經(jīng)高溫燒結而成的。它是目前使用最廣泛的車刀材料。根據(jù)組成，存在三種常用的鎢鈷合金（K型），鎢鈦鈷合金（P型）和鎢鈦鉭鈷合金（M型）。鎢鈷硬質合金由碳化鎢（WC）和鈷（CO）組成。它們主要用于加工鑄鐵，脆性材料或具有高沖擊力的場合。常用代碼為K01，K10和K20。通常，K01用于精加工，K10用于半精加工，K20用于粗加工。鎢鈦鈷硬質合金由碳化鎢，鈷和碳化鈦組成。它適用于加工具有高韌性的鋼或其他塑料材料，但它易碎，不耐沖擊且不適合加工易碎材料。通用代碼為P01，P10和P30。通常，P01用于精加工，P10用于半精加工，P30用于粗加工。鎢，鈦，鉭和鈷適用于加工長切屑或短切屑的黑色金屬和有色金屬。常用的代碼是M10和M20。 M10用于精加工，M20用于粗加工。陶瓷切削刀具主要用于有色金屬，鑄鐵和淬硬鋼的半精加工和精加工。超硬材料是立方氮化硼和金剛石：立方氮化硼用于合金，淬硬鋼和冷硬鑄鐵的半精加工和精加工。金剛石可以精確地切割有色金屬和合金以及高硬度的耐磨材料。

選擇穿線刀s

螺紋車刀的選擇廣泛用于各種機械產(chǎn)品中，帶有螺紋和蝸桿的零件也得到廣泛使用。根據(jù)不同的螺紋選擇不同角度的螺紋車刀。

(1) there are two kinds of triangular thread turning tools: high speed steel and hard alloy. The high-speed steel thread turning tool has the advantages of convenient grinding, easy sharpening, good toughness, not easy to crack the tip of the tool, small surface roughness value of the thread, but poor heat resistance, which is only suitable for low-speed thread turning. Hard alloy thread turning tool has high hardness, good wear resistance, high temperature resistance, good thermal stability, but poor impact resistance. Therefore, carbide thread turning tool is suitable for high speed cutting. In high-speed cutting, the actual profile will be enlarged, so the sharp angle of the tool should be reduced by about 30 ‘, and the roughness of the front and back face of the turning tool must be very small.

(2) when turning trapezoidal thread, the radial cutting force is large. In order to reduce the cutting force, it can be divided into rough turning and finish turning. During rough turning, in order to facilitate left and right cutting and reserve the finishing allowance, the width of the cutter head shall be smaller than the width of the bottom of the alveolar, the back angle of the diameter shall be about 8 °, the front angle shall be 10 ° – 15 °, the back angle of both sides shall be (3 ° – 5 °) ± ψ (thread rising angle), and the tooth angle shall be 30 ° 0 – 30 ′. The front angle of high-speed steel finishing tool diameter is 0, and the angle between the cutting edges on both sides is equal to the tooth angle. In order to ensure the smooth cutting on both sides of the cutting edge, the cutting edge should be grinded with a large rake angle (10 ° – 16 °). However, it must be noted that the cutting edge at the front end of the turning tool cannot participate in the cutting. The high-speed steel ladder thread turning tool can process the thread with high precision and small surface roughness, but the production efficiency is low. In order to improve production efficiency, carbide turning tools can be used for high-speed cutting when turning general precision threads.

(3) there are two kinds of commonly used worm: metric (20 °) and British (14.5 °). British worm is rarely used in China. Metric worm is mainly used. High speed steel turning tool is generally used for worm turning, and rough turning and fine turning are used for turning. During rough turning, it is required that the included angle between the cutting edges on the left and right sides is slightly less than twice the tooth shape angle, the width of the cutter head is less than the width of the tooth root slot, the left and right radial front angles of 10 ° ~ 15 ° are ground, the back angles of both sides are (3 ° ~ 5 °) ± ψ, and the cutter tip is properly rounded. When finishing, the included angle between the left and right edges is equal to twice of the tooth shape angle and should be symmetrical. The straightness of the cutting edge is better, the surface roughness value is small, and the chip rolling groove with large front angle (15 ° – 20 °) is ground. The above are only some basic ideas for the selection of turning tool materials and shapes. Due to the wide variety of cutting tools, the structural types and processing requirements of parts vary greatly. In practical operation, there is still a need for experience. Skilled personnel conduct scientific analysis based on the production conditions of schools and enterprises (production, planning, production compactness, scale, capital, etc.) and the conditions of processing parts and equipment, and select the cutting tools with reasonable performance and price, In this way, we can give full play to the potential of the equipment, ensure the processing quality, improve the processing efficiency, and improve the experience and efficiency of the enterprise.