欧美人妻精品一区二区三区99,中文字幕日韩精品内射,精品国产综合成人亚洲区,久久香蕉国产线熟妇人妻

Causes of Milling Cutter Wear

?? mài mòn c?a dao phay ch? y?u ???c quy cho hai lo?i chính, th??ng ph?c t?p:

Mechanical Wear

Mechanical wear is induced by intense friction between the cutting chips and the front cutting surface of the tool, as well as the elastic deformation between the tool’s front and rear cutting surfaces and the workpiece surface. This form of wear, termed mechanical wear, becomes the main cause of tool wear when cutting temperatures are not excessively high.

Thermal Wear

During cutting, the intense plastic deformation and friction of the metal generate cutting heat, leading to a reduction in the hardness of the tool edge and a consequent loss of cutting performance, known as thermal wear.

In addition to these two types of wear, several other forms are noteworthy:

  1. At high temperatures and pressures, adhesion occurs between the tool and workpiece materials, causing adhesive wear, where a portion of the tool material is carried away by the chips.
  2. At even higher temperatures, certain elements (such as tungsten, cobalt, titanium, etc.) in the tool material diffuse into the workpiece material, altering the chemical composition of the tool’s cutting surface, resulting in diffusion wear.
  3. High-speed steel tools, under elevated cutting temperatures, experience changes in the metallographic structure of the tool’s surface, leading to decreased hardness and wear resistance, known as phase transformation wear.
  4. Since each tooth of a milling cutter engages in periodic interrupted cutting, temperature fluctuations during each cutting cycle are substantial, causing thermal shock. Cemented carbide tools, subjected to thermal shock, may develop internal stresses leading to cracking, resulting in thermal crack wear.
  5. Due to intermittent cutting, milling cutter temperatures are generally lower compared to turning, making mechanical friction the primary cause of tool wear.3 Important Pieces of Knowledge about Milling Cutter Wear 2

Methods for Assessing Tool Wear

Auditory Inspection

Evaluate tool wear during machining by listening for abnormal sounds. Sudden changes in tool sound during processing may indicate wear, requiring experienced judgment.

Visual Inspection

Observe the machining process. If irregular and intermittent sparks occur, it suggests tool wear. Replace the tool promptly based on the average tool life.

Chip Color Examination

Changes in chip color indicate altered machining temperatures, possibly due to tool wear.

Chip Shape Inspection

Irregularities such as sawtooth patterns, abnormal curls, or finer chips than usual suggest tool wear.

Workpiece Surface Analysis

Bright marks on the workpiece surface, with minimal changes in roughness and dimensions, indicate tool wear.

Auditory Monitoring of Machine Vibrations

Increased vibration during machining and unusual sounds may indicate tool wear. Care must be taken to avoid tool breakage.

Machine Load Observation

Significant changes in machine load indicate potential tool wear.

Cutting Edge Assessment

Severe burrs, reduced surface roughness, and dimensional changes in the workpiece are clear indicators of tool wear.

In summary, the combined observation of sight, sound, and touch allows for effective assessment of tool wear.

3 Important Pieces of Knowledge about Milling Cutter Wear 3

Methods to Avoid Tool Wear on Milling Cutters

Edge Wear of Milling cutter

Improvement measures include increasing the feed rate, lowering cutting speeds, using more wear-resistant blade materials, and employing coated blades.

Fracture

Measures to address fracture include using materials with better toughness, utilizing reinforced blade edges, ensuring rigidity in the process system, and adjusting the main relief angle.

Thermal Deformation

Strategies to combat thermal deformation include lowering cutting speeds, reducing feed rates, minimizing cutting depths, and using materials with better thermal hardness.

Damage at Cutting Depths

To address damage at cutting depths, adjusting the main relief angle, reinforcing the blade edge, and changing blade materials are effective methods.

Thermal Cracks

Effective strategies involve proper coolant use, reducing cutting speeds, minimizing feed rates, and employing coated blades.

Chip Accumulation

To prevent chip accumulation, increase cutting speeds, raise feed rates, use coated or metal-ceramic blades, and apply coolants to maintain a sharper cutting edge.

Tooth Wear

Mitigation measures include lowering cutting speeds, reducing feed rates, using coated blades or metal-ceramic blades, and employing coolants.

Fracture

To avoid fracture, use materials with better toughness or a groove design, reduce feed rates, minimize cutting depths, and assess the rigidity of the process system.

In conclusion, a comparative analysis of two milling cutters on the same workpiece revealed that selecting appropriate milling cutters and promptly identifying wear not only enhances machining efficiency but also reduces processing costs.

3 Important Pieces of Knowledge about Milling Cutter Wear 4

Tr? l?i

Email c?a b?n s? kh?ng ???c hi?n th? c?ng khai. Các tr??ng b?t bu?c ???c ?ánh d?u *

久久久18禁一区二区网| 韩国精品视频一区二区在线观看| 精品国产自在现线看| 色偷偷影音先锋男人av| 操逼动漫首页登录| 一区二区三区 日韩在线| 欧美亚洲另类天天综合网| 久久久中文字幕一区| 添女人荫道口视频| 日本入室强伦姧人妻中文| 九九热在线精品免费看| 天天天天天干夜夜夜夜夜操| 黑人巨茎和中国美女视频| 老狼精品卡1卡2卡3网| 小骚货舔小骚逼视频| 午夜色大片在线免费观看| 大黑屌爆操日本女人| 娇嫩的被两根粗大的np| A级毛片毛片免费观看久| 国产精品高潮久久久久a| 91啪国线自产2019| 大鸡巴日大鸡巴在线观看| 91秦先生全集在线观看| 99热这里只有精品亚洲| 日韩素人精品亚洲热一区| 日本黑鸡吧黄色录像| 国产一区二区在线观看精品| 99草草视频在线精品| 欧美精品一区二区三区四区五区| 亚洲国产无线码在线| 亚洲精品国产综合一线久久| 日本男人捅女人机机| 人妻含泪让粗大挺进| 91污在线观看一区二区三区| 男生的小鸡鸡插进女生的桃子 里| 日本乱人伦中文在线播放| 色熟妇人妻久久中文字幕| 亚洲一级片在线播放| 日本 视频 一区二区| 黄片大鸡吧操小逼| 欧美 日韩 激情 在线|