<\/p>\n

\u00c7elik, tamamen veya k\u0131smen \u00f6stenize edilecek \u015fekilde belirli bir s\u00fcre boyunca tutarak, \u00e7eli\u011fin kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131k Ac3 (hipo-\u00f6tektoid \u00e7elik) veya Ac1 (hiperutektoid \u00e7elik) \u00fczerindeki bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve daha sonra so\u011futulur. kritik so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k Ms (veya izotermal yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Ms) martensitik (veya bainit) \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem s\u00fcrecinin alt\u0131na h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma. Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, titanyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f cam, vb. Gibi malzemelerin \u00e7\u00f6zelti muamelesi veya h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futmal\u0131 \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem i\u015flemlerine yayg\u0131n olarak s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme denir. S\u00f6nd\u00fcrme, esas olarak malzemenin sertli\u011fini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan yayg\u0131n bir \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemdir. Genellikle s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ortam\u0131ndan, su s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme, ya\u011f s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme, organik s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme olarak ayr\u0131labilir. Bilim ve teknolojinin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte, baz\u0131 yeni s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.1 y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava so\u011futmal\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemiG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc inert gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki i\u015fler, y\u00fczey oksidasyonunu \u00f6nlemek, \u00e7atlamay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, bozulmay\u0131 azaltmak, sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli sertlik, \u00f6zellikle tak\u0131m \u00e7eli\u011fi s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme i\u00e7in. Bu teknoloji son zamanlarda h\u0131zla ilerlemi\u015f ve uygulama \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi de \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015flemi\u015ftir. \u015eu anda, vakum gaz\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme teknolojisi h\u0131zla geli\u015fti ve negatif bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 (<1 \u00d7 105 Pa) y\u00fcksek debi gaz so\u011futmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan gaz so\u011futma ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 (1 \u00d7 105 ~ 4 \u00d7 105 Pa) 10 \u00d7 105 Pa) hava so\u011futmal\u0131, ultra y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 (10 \u00d7 105 ~ 20 \u00d7 105 Pa) hava so\u011futmal\u0131 ve di\u011fer yeni teknolojiler sadece hava so\u011futmal\u0131 vakum s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme yetene\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rmakla kalmaz ve i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczey parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deformasyona sahiptir. ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcksek verimlilik, enerji tasarrufu, kirlilik i\u00e7ermeyen ve b\u00f6ylece. Vakum y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 gaz so\u011futmal\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme, malzemelerin s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve tavlanmas\u0131, paslanmaz \u00e7elik ve \u00f6zel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi, ya\u015flanmas\u0131, iyon karbonlama ve karbonitrasyonunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra lehimleme sonras\u0131 vakum sinterleme, so\u011futma ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme i\u015flemidir. 6 \u00d7 105 Pa y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 azot so\u011futma s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ile, y\u00fck sadece so\u011futulabilir, y\u00fcksek h\u0131z \u00e7eli\u011fi (W6Mo5Cr4V2) 70 ~ 100 mm'ye kadar sertle\u015ftirilebilir, 25 ~ 100 mm'ye kadar y\u00fcksek ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 s\u0131cak i\u015f kal\u0131p \u00e7eli\u011fi, alt\u0131n So\u011fuk 80 ~ 100 mm'ye kadar i\u015f kal\u0131p \u00e7eli\u011fi (Cr12 gibi). 10 \u00d7 10 5 Pa y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 azot ile s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, so\u011futulmu\u015f y\u00fck yo\u011fun olabilir, bu da y\u00fck yo\u011funlu\u011funu 6 \u00d7 10 5 Pa so\u011futma \u00fczerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 30% ila 40%'ye y\u00fckseltir. 20 \u00d7 10 5 Pa ultra y\u00fcksek ile s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 azot veya helyum ve azot kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131, so\u011futulmu\u015f y\u00fckler yo\u011fundur ve birlikte paketlenebilir. 6 \u00d7 105 Pa azot so\u011futma 80% ila 150% yo\u011funlu\u011fu, t\u00fcm y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7elik, y\u00fcksek ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik, s\u0131cak i\u015f tak\u0131m \u00e7eli\u011fi ve Cr13% krom \u00e7elik ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu 9Mn2V \u00e7elik gibi daha fazla ala\u015f\u0131m ya\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7elik so\u011futulabilir. Ayr\u0131 so\u011futma odalar\u0131na sahip \u00e7ift odac\u0131kl\u0131 hava so\u011futmal\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131, ayn\u0131 tip tek odac\u0131kl\u0131 f\u0131r\u0131nlardan daha iyi so\u011futma kapasitesine sahiptir. 2 \u00d7 105 Pa azot so\u011futmal\u0131 \u00e7ift hazneli f\u0131r\u0131n, 4 \u00d7 105 Pa tek hazneli f\u0131r\u0131n ile ayn\u0131 so\u011futma etkisine sahiptir. Ancak i\u015fletme maliyetleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bak\u0131m maliyetleri. \u00c7in'in temel malzeme end\u00fcstrisi (grafit, molibden vb.) Ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 bile\u015fenler (motor) ve di\u011fer seviyeler iyile\u015ftirilecek. Bu nedenle, \u00e7ift odal\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava so\u011futmal\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in'in ulusal ko\u015fullar\u0131na daha fazla geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flarken, 6 \u00d7 105 Pa tek odac\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 vakum bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in. \u015eekil 1 y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava so\u011futmal\u0131 vakumlu f\u0131r\u0131n2 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemi Geleneksel s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme genellikle ya\u011f, su veya polimer \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi so\u011futmas\u0131 ve su veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonlarda tuzlu su ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme kural\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme, \u00e7elikte a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bozulma ve \u00e7atlamadan endi\u015fe etmeden son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma ile karakterizedir. S\u00f6nd\u00fcrme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u00e7elik y\u00fczey gerilimine veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck stres durumuna ve so\u011futma ortas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye kadar geleneksel s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme so\u011futma, i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 kalbi so\u011fumay\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in hala s\u0131cak durumdad\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece y\u00fczey bas\u0131n\u00e7 stresinin olu\u015fumu. \u015eiddetli s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ko\u015fulu alt\u0131nda, martensitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinin so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131 30 \u2103 \/ s'den y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda, \u00e7eli\u011fin y\u00fczeyindeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011futulmu\u015f \u00f6stenit 1200 MPa'l\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma stresine maruz kal\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeden sonra \u00e7eli\u011fin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 Prensip: Ostenitize edici s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7elik, y\u00fczey ve kalp aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 i\u00e7 strese yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Faz hacminin ve faz de\u011fi\u015fim plasti\u011finin spesifik hacminin faz de\u011fi\u015fimi de ek faz d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm stresine neden olacakt\u0131r. Termal stres ve faz ge\u00e7i\u015f gerilimi s\u00fcperpozisyonu, yani genel gerilim malzemenin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farsa plastik deformasyon meydana gelir; e\u011fer stres a\u015farsa s\u0131cak \u00e7eli\u011fin gerilme mukavemeti bir s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Yo\u011fun s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme s\u0131ras\u0131nda, faz\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu art\u0131k gerilme plastisiteyi de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve art\u0131k gerilme \u00f6stenit-martensit d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn spesifik hacim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak artar. Yo\u011fun so\u011futmada, i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 y\u00fczeyi hemen banyo s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na so\u011futuldu, kalp s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 neredeyse de\u011fi\u015fmedi. H\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma, y\u00fczey tabakas\u0131n\u0131 daraltan ve kalp stresi ile dengelenen y\u00fcksek bir gerilme stresine neden olur. S\u0131cakl\u0131k gradyan\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, ilk martensitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu gerilme stresini artt\u0131r\u0131rken, martensit d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ms'nin artmas\u0131, faz ge\u00e7i\u015f plastisitesi nedeniyle y\u00fczey tabakas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesine neden olur, y\u00fczey gerilme gerilimi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131l\u0131r ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Y\u00fczey gerilimi, \u00fcretilen y\u00fczey martensit miktar\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczey s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma gerilimi, kalbin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda martensitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7irip ge\u00e7irmedi\u011fini veya daha fazla so\u011futma s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fczey gerilme stresini tersine \u00e7evirip sabitlemedi\u011fini belirler. Kalp hacmindeki geni\u015flemenin martensitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yeterince b\u00fcy\u00fckse ve y\u00fczey martensiti \u00e7ok sert ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan ise, stres ters y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fczey tabakas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la, \u00e7elik y\u00fczey s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 stres g\u00f6stermeli ve kalp martensitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca ge\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmelidir.G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme testi ve \u00e7elik s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme performans\u0131: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemi, y\u00fczeyde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma bask\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturma ve \u00e7atlama riskini azaltma avantaj\u0131na sahiptir. ve sertlik ve mukavemeti artt\u0131r\u0131r. 100% martensitin y\u00fczey olu\u015fumu, \u00e7elik en b\u00fcy\u00fck sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f tabaka verilecektir, daha pahal\u0131 \u00e7elik karbon \u00e7eli\u011fin yerini alabilir, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ayr\u0131ca \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00fcniform mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini te\u015fvik edebilir ve i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretebilir. S\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeden sonra par\u00e7alar, alternatif y\u00fck alt\u0131nda hizmet \u00f6mr\u00fc bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re artt\u0131r\u0131labilir. [1] \u015eekil 2 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7atlak olu\u015fumu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve so\u011futma oran\u0131 ili\u015fkisi3 su-hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemiSu ve hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ve atomize nozul ile i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyi aras\u0131ndaki mesafeyi, su-hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n so\u011futma kapasitesini ayarlayarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir ve so\u011futma d\u00fczg\u00fcn olabilir. \u00dcretim uygulamas\u0131, s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunu etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nleyebilen karma\u015f\u0131k karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi veya ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik par\u00e7alar ind\u00fcksiyon sertle\u015ftirme y\u00fczey sertle\u015fmesi \u015feklindeki yasan\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u015eekil 3 su-hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u01314 kaynar su s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemi 100 \u2103 kaynar su so\u011futma kullanarak , \u00e7elik s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek veya normalle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in daha iyi bir sertle\u015ftirme etkisi elde edebilirsiniz. \u015eu anda, bu teknoloji s\u00fcnek demir s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye ba\u015far\u0131yla uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 almak: Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6vme ve d\u00f6vmeler i\u00e7in mevcut \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem spesifikasyonlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle 60 \u00b0 C'nin alt\u0131nda kontrol edilir, s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fcksektir ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131k s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeden sonra stres olu\u015fur. Son i\u015flemede, y\u00fczey stresi ve boyutunun tutars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle i\u00e7 gerilim dengesizdir, bu da art\u0131k stresin serbest kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar, bu da i\u015flenmi\u015f par\u00e7an\u0131n deforme, b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, oval ve di\u011fer deforme olmu\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz nihai at\u0131k haline gelmesine neden olur ciddi kay\u0131p. \u00d6rne\u011fin: pervane, kompres\u00f6r kanatlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6vme deformasyonu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde i\u015flendikten sonra par\u00e7a boyut tolerans\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. S\u00f6nd\u00fcrme suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan (30-40 \u2103) kaynar su (90-100 \u2103) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00fckseldi, ortalama d\u00f6vme art\u0131k stresi yakla\u015f\u0131k 50% azald\u0131. [2] \u015eekil 4 kaynar su s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme diyagram\u01315 s\u0131cak ya\u011f s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemi S\u0131cak s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylece s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in Ms noktas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fit veya buna yak\u0131n bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta daha fazla so\u011futmadan \u00f6nce i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131, s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeyi etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nleyebilir i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131nda bozulma ve \u00e7atlama. Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 tak\u0131m \u00e7eli\u011finin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutu s\u0131cak ya\u011f s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmede so\u011fuk 160 ~ 200 die kal\u0131p, bozulmay\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde azaltabilir ve \u00e7atlamay\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir. \u015eekil 5 s\u0131cak ya\u011f s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme diyagram\u01316 Kriyojenik tedavi y\u00f6ntemi tutulan \u00f6stenit martenzite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmeye devam eder, amac\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fin sertli\u011fini ve a\u015f\u0131nma direncini artt\u0131rmak, i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131sal stabilitesini ve boyutsal stabilitesini iyile\u015ftirmek ve tak\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc etkili bir \u015fekilde iyile\u015ftirmektir. malzeme i\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemleri i\u00e7in bir so\u011futma ortam\u0131. Kriyojenik ar\u0131tma teknolojisi ilk olarak a\u015f\u0131nma ara\u00e7lar\u0131na, kal\u0131p ara\u00e7 malzemelerine uyguland\u0131 ve daha sonra ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik, karb\u00fcr, vb.'ye geni\u015fletildi, bu y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131larak metal malzemelerin i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febilir, b\u00f6ylece mekanik \u00f6zellikler ve i\u015fleme \u00f6zellikleri iyile\u015ftirilebilir. \u015eu anda en son sertle\u015ftirme i\u015flemlerinden biri. Kriyojenik muamele (Kriyojenik muamele), ayn\u0131 zamanda ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k muamelesi olarak da bilinir, genellikle malzemenin genel performans\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in i\u015flem i\u00e7in -130 \u2103 alt\u0131ndaki malzemeye de\u011finmektedir. 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce insanlar, par\u00e7alar\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in uygulanan, mukavemeti, a\u015f\u0131nma direncini, boyutsal stabiliteyi ve hizmet \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi tespit edilen so\u011fuk tedaviye ba\u015flad\u0131. Kriyojenik tedavi, 1960'larda ola\u011fan so\u011fuk tedavi temelinde geli\u015ftirilen yeni bir teknolojidir. Geleneksel so\u011fuk i\u015flem ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kriyojenik i\u015flem malzemenin mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini ve stabilitesini daha da geli\u015ftirebilir ve daha geni\u015f bir uygulama beklentisine sahiptir.Kriyojenik tedavi mekanizmas\u0131: Kriyojenik i\u015flemden sonra, metal malzemenin i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki kal\u0131nt\u0131 ostenit (esas olarak kal\u0131p malzeme) martensite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve \u00e7\u00f6keltilmi\u015f karb\u00fcr martensitte de \u00e7\u00f6keltilir, b\u00f6ylece martensit art\u0131k stresi ortadan kald\u0131rabilir, ancak martensit matrisini de art\u0131rabilir, b\u00f6ylece sertli\u011fi ve a\u015f\u0131nma direnci de artacakt\u0131r. Sertlikteki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n nedeni, tutulan ostenitin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n martensite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Tokluktaki art\u0131\u015f, dispersiyon ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u03b7-Fe3C \u00e7\u00f6kelmesinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, martensitin karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi azal\u0131r ve kafes distorsiyonu azal\u0131r, Plastisite geli\u015fir. Kriyojenik ar\u0131tma ekipmanlar\u0131 esas olarak s\u0131v\u0131 azot tank\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 azot iletim sistemi, derin so\u011fuk kutu ve kontrol sisteminden olu\u015fur. Uygulamada, kriyojenik tedavi birka\u00e7 kez tekrarlan\u0131r. Tipik prosesler: 1120 \u2103 ya\u011f s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme + -196 \u2103 \u00d7 1h (2-4) derin kriyojenik tedavi +200 \u2103 \u00d7 2h tavlama. Organizasyonun tedavisinden sonra \u00f6stenit d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc olmu\u015ftur, fakat ayr\u0131ca ultra ince karb\u00fcrlerin matrisi ile son derece tutarl\u0131 ili\u015fkinin s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f martensit da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6kelmi\u015ftir, daha sonra 200 at 'de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlamadan sonra, ultra ince karb\u00fcrlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi Dispersed \u03b5 karb\u00fcrlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi , say\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131. Kriyojenik tedavi birka\u00e7 kez tekrarlan\u0131r. Bir yandan, s\u00fcper ince karb\u00fcrler, \u00f6nceki kriyojenik so\u011futma s\u0131ras\u0131nda tutulan \u00f6stenitten d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f martensitten \u00e7\u00f6keltilir. \u00d6te yandan, s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f martensitte ince karb\u00fcrler \u00e7\u00f6kmeye devam eder. Tekrarlanan s\u00fcre\u00e7, matris bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131, akma mukavemeti ve darbe toklu\u011funu artt\u0131rabilir, \u00e7eli\u011fin toklu\u011funu art\u0131rabilir, darbe a\u015f\u0131nma direncini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.\u015eekil 6 kriyojenik ar\u0131tma cihaz\u0131 \u015femas\u0131S\u0131k\u0131 boyut gereksinimleri \u00fczerindeki i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 izin vermez a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 deformasyonun neden oldu\u011fu termal stres nedeniyle i\u015fleme, kriyojenik tedavi kontroll\u00fc so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ek olarak, ekipman\u0131n i\u00e7indeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k alan\u0131n\u0131n tekd\u00fczeli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in, kriyojenik ar\u0131tma sisteminin tasar\u0131m\u0131, sistem s\u0131cakl\u0131k kontrol do\u011frulu\u011funu ve ak\u0131\u015f alan\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesinin rasyonalitesini hesaba katmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca daha az enerji t\u00fcketimi, y\u00fcksek verimlilik, kolay kullan\u0131m ve di\u011fer gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lamaya dikkat edilmelidir. Bunlar, kriyojenik tedavi sisteminin mevcut geli\u015fim trendidir. Ayr\u0131ca, so\u011futma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa uzanan baz\u0131 geli\u015fmekte olan so\u011futma sistemlerinin de minimum s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve so\u011futma verimlili\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7ermeyen kriyojenik ar\u0131tma sistemlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi beklenmektedir. [3] Referanslar: [1] \u6a0a\u4e1c\u9ece.\u5f3a\u70c8 \u6dec\u706b - \u4e00\u79cd \u65b0 \u7684 \u5f3a\u5316 \u94a2 \u7684 \u70ed\u5904\u7406 \u65b9\u6cd5 [J]. 8, 2005, 20 (4): 1-3 [2] \u5b8b \u5fae, \u90dd\u51ac\u6885, \u738b\u6210\u6c5f.\u6cb8\u6c34 \u6dec\u706b \u5bf9 \u94dd\u5408\u91d1 \u953b\u4ef6 \u7ec4\u7ec7 \u4e0e \u673a\u68b0 \u6027\u80fd \u7684 \u5f71\u54cd [J]. 8, 2002, 25 (2): 1-3 [3] \u590f\u96e8\u4eae, \u91d1 \u6ed4, \u6c64 \u73c2.\u6df1 \u51b7 \u5904\u7406 \u5de5\u827a \u53ca \u8bbe\u5907 \u7684 \u53d1\u5c55 \u73b0\u72b6 \u548c \u5c55\u671b [J]. 2007 \u4e0e \u7279 \u6c14, 2007, 25 (1): 1-3
\nKaynak: Meeyou Carbide<\/p>\n

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introductionSteel is quenched by heating the steel to a temperature above the critical temperature Ac3 (hypo-eutectoid steel) or Ac1 (hypereutectoid steel), holding it for a period of time so as to be austenitized in whole or in part, and then cooled at a temperature greater than the critical cooling rate Rapid cooling to below the…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1595,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_76fa1ce2bdb242b2a92fa20166833de1mv2.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18551"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18551"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18551\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}