{"id":1797,"date":"2019-05-22T02:47:44","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T02:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/single-post-catalytic-reaction-system-and-product-evaluation-to-improve-the-efficiency-of-artificial-photosynthesis\/"},"modified":"2020-05-04T13:12:06","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:12:06","slug":"catalytic-reaction-system-and-product-evaluation-to-improve-the-efficiency-of-artificial-photosynthesis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/katalitik-reaksiyon-sistem-ve-urun-degerlendirme-yapay-fotosentez-verimliligini-gelistirmek\/","title":{"rendered":"Yapay fotosentez etkinli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in katalitik reaksiyon sistemi ve \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011ferlendirmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vgblk-rw-wrapper limit-wrapper\">\n<div>\n<h2>Arka fon:<\/h2>\n<div>In recent years, the annual increase in global CO2 emissions has been a serious threat to the ecological environment in which people live. (There has been 410 ppm in 2018 \u2013 data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration&#8217;s Hawaiian Islands Mauna Loa Volcano&#8217;s greenhouse gas monitoring station). Therefore, the capture, storage and conversion of CO2 has received wide attention from researchers. Toyota Central Research has used water and carbon dioxide as raw materials to synthesize useful substances using sunlight, and the energy conversion efficiency has increased to the highest 4.6% in the world. BASF in Germany converts carbon dioxide into a carbonate polymer material with a wide range of applications. Bayer can use carbon dioxide in flue gas from thermal power plants as the main raw material for the production of polyurethane materials. There is a stable catalyst market for the production of carbonates, but the utilization of CO2 is still far from enough. The conversion of hydrocarbon fuels is still in the basic research stage of application. China&#8217;s 13th Five-Year Plan and the Sino-US Joint Statement on Climate Change have made \u201ccarbon reduction\u201d a construction goal, encouraging the conversion of CO2 based fuels. And include it in the &#8220;13th Five-Year&#8221; National Basic Research Special Plan (Guo Ke Fa Ji [2017] No. 162). The use of solar energy to convert low-cost and abundant CO2 and water into a hydrocarbon fuel with convenient storage, mature technology, wide application fields and huge demand is a green solar chemical conversion technology.<\/div>\n<h2>Yeniden yap\u0131lanma sistemi in\u015faat\u0131:<\/h2>\n<div>Bu ba\u011flamda, yurti\u00e7inde ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda CO2 azalt\u0131m\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, katalitik hidrojen \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in yar\u0131 iletken kataliz\u00f6rler veya organik maddenin bozulmas\u0131. Katalitik reaksiyonun veya \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn se\u00e7icili\u011fi d\u00fczenlenir (Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704663). Ancak katalitik reaksiyonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve proses kontrol\u00fc yeterince olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan reaksiyon sistemleri, standart olmayan \u201cyar\u0131 \u00f6zel\u201d ekipman ve analiz sistemleridir. Bu nedenle yazar, malzeme tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funa ve uygun reaksiyon sistemi ve de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6nteminin daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funa inanmaktad\u0131r. Reaksiyon sistemi, \u0131\u015f\u0131k, elektrik, \u00e7\u00f6zelti, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 vb. gibi CO2 indirgeme reaksiyonu i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullar\u0131 ifade eder; alg\u0131lama y\u00f6ntemi, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn durumuna (gaz veya s\u0131v\u0131, se\u00e7icilik, konsantrasyon gibi) ve karbon d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm verimlili\u011fine, foton verimlili\u011fine at\u0131fta bulunur.<\/div>\n<div>Fotokataliz, fotoelektrokataliz, fototermal kataliz ve termal kataliz gibi birka\u00e7 uygulanabilir katalitik CO2 indirgeme stratejisi aras\u0131nda, her birinin kendi yararlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. CO2&#039;yi fotokimyasal olarak azaltma ve onu insanlar i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olan hidrokarbon yak\u0131tlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme teknikleri \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ekicidir. Normal s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebildi\u011finden, belirli s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7larda da sinerjik etkiler meydana gelebilir. Gereken enerji, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi gibi yenilenebilir enerji ile do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak sa\u011flanabilir ve karbon geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/141d2f_d601c8ed82aa429086b1a655d61dbcf6mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\u015eekil 1 Parti ve Ak\u0131\u015f \u015feklinde katalitik reakt\u00f6r (Chem. Asian J. 2016, 11, 425 \u2013 436)<\/div>\n<div>Reakt\u00f6r\u00fc in\u015fa etmenin iki yolu vard\u0131r (\u015eekil 2&#039;de g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi). Biri, CO2, H2 veya H2O gibi bir reaksiyon hammaddesinin, bir kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn veya bir yard\u0131mc\u0131 kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn bir reakt\u00f6re yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve kataliz\u00f6re \u0131\u015f\u0131k, elektrik, \u0131s\u0131 veya benzeri enjekte edilerek bir reaksiyonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi sabit hacimli bir reakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. . \u0130kincisi, bir besleme gaz\u0131n\u0131n reakt\u00f6re belirli bir oranda verildi\u011fi ve belirli bir reaksiyon periyodundan sonra reakt\u00f6rden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir i\u015flem olan Ak\u0131\u015f Y\u00f6ntemidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, reakt\u00f6r malzemesinin genellikle politetrafloroetilen, kuvars cam\u0131, paslanmaz \u00e7elik olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc buldu. PTFE, y\u00fcksek mukavemet, korozyon direnci ve iyi s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k avantajlar\u0131na sahiptir, ancak genellikle 250 derece gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na sahiptir. Kuvars reakt\u00f6r, s\u0131cakl\u0131k direnci ve korozyon direnci avantajlar\u0131na sahiptir, ancak k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahiptir. Metal paslanmaz \u00e7elik reakt\u00f6r, bas\u0131n\u00e7 direnci ve kolay i\u015fleme avantajlar\u0131na sahiptir, ancak reaktanlarla reaksiyona girmesi kolayd\u0131r. \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in do\u011fru reakt\u00f6r\u00fc se\u00e7ebilirsiniz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, gaz veya \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc zaman\u0131nda vermek veya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in, hammadde enjeksiyonunu kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in reakt\u00f6r tasar\u0131m\u0131nda birka\u00e7 delik a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Ek olarak, daha yayg\u0131n reaksiyon bi\u00e7imleri kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 reaksiyonlar\u0131d\u0131r: reakt\u00f6rde ham madde olarak doymu\u015f bir CO2 gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kullan\u0131l\u0131r veya bir elektrokatalitik indirgeme reakt\u00f6r\u00fcne bir elektrolit enjekte edilir (\u015eekil 2). Karbondioksit elektro-indirgemesinin i\u00e7sel reaksiyon mekanizmas\u0131, kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 faz \u00fc\u00e7-faz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k bir yolunu i\u00e7erir. Bu nedenle, kataliz\u00f6r geometrisinin rasyonel tasar\u0131m\u0131, aray\u00fczde proton ve elektron transferini te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7ok say\u0131da reaktif b\u00f6lgeye izin verir.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/141d2f_8f5e956f6b604142ac28e50b057eab5emv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Figure 2 Schematic diagram of solid-gas and solid-liquid reaction (Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 35&#8211;59)<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/141d2f_b54daaaa17104f16b46b6fc1c4d8686dmv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\u015eekil 3 Fotoelektrokatalitik CO2 indirgeme reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fematik diyagram\u0131 (J. Photon. Energy. 2017, 7(1), 012005)<\/div>\n<h2>Malzeme ta\u015f\u0131ma:<\/h2>\n<div>Kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn reakt\u00f6rde i\u015flenmesi, malzemenin morfolojisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, toz malzeme kuvars cam\u0131n y\u00fczeyine serilebilir; film malzemesi, katlama, delme, vb. ile reakt\u00f6re yerle\u015ftirilebilir; d\u00f6kme malzeme (g\u00f6zenekli seramik), CO2 Geri Y\u00fcklemesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoluyla gaz ve kataliz\u00f6r aras\u0131ndaki temas oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/div>\n<div>I\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imi: Katalitik reaksiyon kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imi de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n etkin optik g\u00fc\u00e7 yo\u011funlu\u011fu sorununa dikkat etmeleri faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, sat\u0131n al\u0131nan ksenon lamba gibi \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 genellikle birka\u00e7 g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011fundan daha fazla bir fabrika g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahiptir (bir g\u00fcne\u015f 1 kW\/m2&#039;ye e\u015fittir). Bu nedenle, bir \u0131s\u0131tma filtresi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenebilir. Reaksiyonu tasarlamadan \u00f6nce, ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri test etmek i\u00e7in optik g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7er kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu.<\/div>\n<div>Product Evaluation: Evaluation of the catalytic product is the last and most important part of the overall system. The products taken are generally classified into offline (commonly known as &#8220;needle type&#8221;) and online detection (online). Depending on the nature of the catalytic product, the detection equipment generally has gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography. Professors such as Prof. Ye jinhua, Ozin, Zou zhigang, Yang peidong, Li can, Xie yi, Wu lizhu, and Wang xinchen are widely used.<\/div>\n<div>Bu makale, son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda kullan\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n cihaz olan gaz kromatografisine odaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ekirdek bile\u015fenler tipik olarak dedekt\u00f6rler, kolonlar, metan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler, alt\u0131 yollu vanalar ve d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri i\u00e7erir. Dedekt\u00f6r genellikle iki tip (hidrojen alev dedekt\u00f6r\u00fc) FID ve (termal havuz dedekt\u00f6r\u00fc) TCD kullan\u0131r. FID, karbon i\u00e7eren organik maddeleri y\u00fcksek hassasiyetle tespit edebilirken, TCD hidrojen, karbon monoksit, karbon dioksit vb. dahil t\u00fcm bile\u015fikleri bir hassasiyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla (~1000 ppm) tespit edebilir. Bu nedenle, \u00e7o\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 FID dedekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc kurmay\u0131 se\u00e7er ve reaksiyon s\u00fcrecindeki art\u0131k CO2 veya CO, nikel kataliz\u00f6rl\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilebilir. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, \u00fcr\u00fcn buharla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan kolonlar\u0131n da farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 alg\u0131lama hassasiyetini etkiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, FID detekt\u00f6r\u00fc genellikle bir k\u0131lcal kolon kullan\u0131r ve TCD detekt\u00f6r\u00fc bir TDX01 kolonu kullan\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen kromatogram tasar\u0131m\u0131nda g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, yurti\u00e7i ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok \u00fcretici Agilent, Tianmei, Yanuo, Fuli ve benzeri gibi \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler sa\u011flayabilir. Tabii ki, CO2 indirgeme \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fundan, H2 ve CO gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck molek\u00fcllerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra C1, CH3OH, formik asit ve C1 ve C2 gibi etanol gibi organik molek\u00fcller de vard\u0131r. Tek kolonlu dedekt\u00f6r bir kerede tamamen tespit edilemez ve TCD ve TCD gereklidir. FID birle\u015ftirilir ve farkl\u0131 s\u00fctun t\u00fcrleri birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n<h2>Karbon kirlili\u011fi:<\/h2>\n<p>CO2 azaltma ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda \u00f6zel dikkat gerektiren \u00f6nemli bir konu karbon kirlili\u011fidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar, kataliz\u00f6r haz\u0131rlamada kullan\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler, reaktanlar ve y\u00fczey aktif maddeler dahil organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerin, nihai \u00fcr\u00fcnde karbonlu kal\u0131nt\u0131lar b\u0131rakabilece\u011fini ve katalitik reaksiyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda CO ve CH4 gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck molek\u00fcllere ayr\u0131\u015farak katalitik aktiviteye neden olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Abart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu nedenle, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn karbonlu tortunun ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan ziyade CO2&#039;nin ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan geldi\u011fini do\u011frulamak gerekir. \u0130zotop 13CO2 etiketleme, indirgeyici \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in etkili bir tekniktir ve bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/h2>\n<div>CO2&#039;nin hidrokarbonlara katalitik indirgenmesi, enerji ve \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltman\u0131n ye\u015fil bir yolu haline geldi. Uzun y\u0131llara dayanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dayanarak, Xiaobian, katalitik reaksiyon sistemleri ve \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011ferlendirmesi hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgileri derledi ve ayn\u0131 alandaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara y\u00fcksek verimli kataliz\u00f6rlerin tasar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in iyi bir platform sa\u011flama konusunda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 umuyor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .vgblk-rw-wrapper --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background: In recent years, the annual increase in global CO2 emissions has been a serious threat to the ecological environment in which people live. (There has been 410 ppm in 2018 \u2013 data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration&#8217;s Hawaiian Islands Mauna Loa Volcano&#8217;s greenhouse gas monitoring station). Therefore, the capture, storage and conversion&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-materials-weekly"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1797\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}