{"id":20197,"date":"2020-12-11T08:29:20","date_gmt":"2020-12-11T08:29:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=20197"},"modified":"2020-12-11T08:31:42","modified_gmt":"2020-12-11T08:31:42","slug":"main-problems-encountered-in-welding-of-18cr-austenitic-stainless-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/main-problems-encountered-in-welding-of-18cr-austenitic-stainless-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 18cr"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Austenitic stainless steel has good corrosion resistance because of its high chromium content and dense oxide film. When Cr18% and Ni8% are contained, a single austenite structure can be obtained. Therefore, austenitic stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, plasticity, high temperature performance and welding performance. However, under different working conditions, austenitic stainless steel welding joints often face some special problems, which are easy to cause construction defects such as intergranular corrosion, stress corrosion, knife corrosion, welding hot cracks, \u03b1 phase embrittlement and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Corrosion analysis of welded joints<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Intergranular corrosion of welded joints<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Intergranular corrosion is one of the most important corrosion problems of austenitic stainless steel. Once intergranular corrosion occurs, its strength will almost lose when it is serious, and intergranular fracture will occur when a certain stress is applied. The intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steel welding joint is mainly caused by chromium carbide precipitation. When the austenitic stainless steel is sensitized in the temperature range of 500 ~ 800 \u2103, the diffusion rate of supersaturated solid solution carbon to the intergranular boundary is faster than that of chromium, and the carbon in supersaturated solid solution is combined with chromium near the grain boundary, When the chromium content in the region is reduced to below the limit content (w (CR) 12.5%) required for passivation, the corrosion of the region will be accelerated and intergranular corrosion will be formed. The results show that the intergranular corrosion in the sensitized temperature zone of HAZ occurs in the region where the peak heating temperature is between 600 \u2103 and 1000 \u2103. The reason for intergranular corrosion is still the precipitation of chromium carbide at austenite grain boundary. The main preventive measures to reduce and prevent intergranular corrosion include:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Small specification (small current, high welding speed) and multi pass welding are adopted;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 The carbon content in the base metal and welding material should be reduced as much as possible, and the welding material with C content less than 0.03% should be used;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 As a result, Cr diffuses to the grain boundary more quickly in ferrite than in austenite, which reduces the phenomenon of poor chromium in austenite grain boundary;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 The addition of Ti, Nb and other elements with stronger affinity to carbon than chromium in steel and welding materials can form stable compounds with carbon bonding, thus avoiding chromium depletion at austenite grain boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stress corrosion of welded joints<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel is the most harmful corrosion behavior. There is no deformation when cracking. The accident is often sudden and the consequences are serious. There are many factors influencing the stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel under service conditions, including the composition, structure and state of the steel, the type of medium, temperature, concentration, stress properties, size and structural characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The main measures to reduce and prevent stress corrosion are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Avoid strong assembly, mechanical impact and arc burn, reduce cold work deformation and stress;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 Strictly control impurities in media and environment (especially chloride, fluoride, etc.);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 Reasonable material selection (base metal, welding material): avoid grain coarsening and hardening martensite structure;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 The weld is well formed without any stress concentration (such as undercut);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2464 Arrange welding sequence reasonably to reduce stress;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2465 Anti corrosion treatment: add corrosion inhibitor to coating, lining or cathodic protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hot crack sensitivity analysis of welded joints<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The hot cracks of austenitic stainless steel are mainly crystalline cracks, which are produced during the solidification process of liquid metal of weld metal. At this time, primary crystals exist in eutectic melting point, mainly between dendrites. The main reasons are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 S, P, C and so on form low melting point eutectic with Ni (for example, the melting point of NIS + Ni is 644 \u2103), which weakens the grain boundary strength;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 Austenitic stainless steel has the advantages of large distance between liquidus and solidus, long crystallization time, strong dendrite orientation and easy to produce segregation of impurity elements;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 The thermal conductivity of steel is small, and the linear expansion coefficient is large, so it is easy to produce stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\" <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The main measures to prevent welding hot cracks include:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 The contents of harmful impurities sulfur and phosphorus in base metal and welding material shall be strictly controlled;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 About 5% ferrite is produced in the weld, which disturbs the direction of austenite columnar crystal;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 Small current and fast welding process are adopted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Control of ferrite content in welded joints<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The content of ferrite in weld metal of austenitic steel is not only related to the formation and thermal strength of \u03b1 (\u03c3) phase embrittlement, but also directly affects the hot cracking resistance of joint. The longer the heating time, the longer the high temperature residence time, the more precipitation, which will seriously affect the mechanical properties of the joint. From the point of view of hot cracking resistance, a certain amount of ferrite is required in the weld metal. However, considering the \u03b1 phase embrittlement and thermal strength, the lower the ferrite content is, the better. Therefore, the content of ferrite must be strictly controlled for high temperature strength welded joints. In some cases, austenitic weld metal must be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Austenitic stainless steel has good corrosion resistance because of its high chromium content and dense oxide film. When Cr18% and Ni8% are contained, a single austenite structure can be obtained. Therefore, austenitic stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, plasticity, high temperature performance and welding performance. However, under different working conditions, austenitic stainless steel welding joints…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20201,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/\u56fe\u72479.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20197"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20197\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}