???????????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??, ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??, ????? ?????? ???-???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? Wettability ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????, ??????????? ?? ??? 150 ° ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? 10 ° ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????-???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??, ?? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???-????, ???-?? ????????, ???????? ????????, ????-?????? ?? ????-??? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ????, ????-???????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????-???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????

In fact, more than 2,000 years ago, people found that some plants grow in the sludge, but its leaves are almost always clean, a typical example is the lotus leaf. Lotus flowers usually grow in swamps and shallow waters, but they have the characteristics of “sludge and not dyeing”, which makes the lotus flower a symbol of purity for thousands of years. Dust and dirt on the lotus leaf can be easily carried away by dewdrops and rain, keeping the surface clean. Scientists call this sub-cleaning phenomenon “the lotus effect.”

However, the mechanism of the lotus leaf always kept clean has not been known until the development of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the mid-1960s, and people gradually unveiled the secret of the lotus leaf. In 1977, Barthlott and Neinhuis of the University of Berne, Germany, studied the surface structure of the lotus leaf by scanning electron microscopy (as shown in Figure 1). It is revealed that the micron mastoid structure on the surface of the lotus leaf and the wax substance are the key to its self-cleaning function. They believe that the resulting “l(fā)eaf effect” is caused by a combination of a low surface energy material such as a waxy substance and a micron rough structure of the milky process.

???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? (????? 1 (?)) ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????????-???? ?? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???; ???????? ???????? (??? 1) (??) ?? ????-????? ????-???????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??; ???? ?????, ??? ?? ????? (?????? 1 (??)) ?? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? / ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? 160 ° ?? 2 ° ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???, ?? ?? ????? ????-???? ?????? ?????? ?? (??? 1 (??))? ??? ??????, ???????, ?????-???? ???, ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 150 ° ?? ???? ???? ??, ??????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???

?????? 1 ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? SEM ???

In addition to lotus leaves, there are many plants and animals in the world that are superhydrophobic. The water droplets on the leaves of the rice are more individual than the water droplets on the surface of the lotus leaf. Unlike the water droplets on the surface of the lotus leaf, which can roll in any direction, the water droplets on the leaves of the rice can easily roll in the direction of the blade growth, while it is more difficult to roll in the vertical direction. This is because the rice leaves have a line-oriented array of protrusions and a one-dimensional groove structure (Fig. 2(a)). In the direction horizontal to the growth of the blade, the rolling angle of the droplet is 3° – 5°, and in the vertical direction, the rolling angle is 9° – 15°. The linear alignment of the mastoid structure on the surface of the rice leaf provides the droplets with different energy barriers that infiltrate in both directions. Similar to the wings of a butterfly, when the butterfly wings are fanned, the water droplets will roll along the axis of the axis so that the droplets do not wet the body of the butterfly. It turns out that the butterfly wings are covered by a large number of micro-nano scales oriented along the axis of the axis (Fig. 2(b)). This highly directional micro-nano structure effectively affects the wetting behavior of water droplets, so that water droplets can easily roll away in the radial direction while being embedded in the opposite direction. Two different states can be adjusted by controlling the posture of the flapping of the wings or the direction of the air passing through the surface of the wings. This anisotropic adhesion allows the butterfly wings to be directionally cleaned in a humid environment, ensuring stability during flight and avoiding dust accumulation.

Unlike small water droplets on the surface of the lotus leaf that can be easily rolled, the small drops of water on the rose petals tend to adhere to the surface. Through microscopic exploration of rose petals, the scientists found that the surface of rose petals is composed of micron-sized mastoids, while at the tip of the mastoids, there are many nano-scale folded structures, and this nano-folding structure is the result of high adhesion of rose petals. The key factor (Figure 2 (c)). Gas can be present in the nano-folded structure, while water can easily penetrate between the micro-mammary. The same thing as the rose petals is the gecko’s sole. The gecko’s sole is super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning, but what excites scientists is that the gecko’s sole has an ultra-adhesive ability to move freely on a smooth surface. This is due to the well-aligned micronized bristles on the surface of the gecko’s sole, which are composed of hundreds of smaller nanoscale ends (Fig. 2(d)). The Van der Waals force generated by the contact between the nanotips of the gecko bristles and the solid surface is the support of the gecko to crawl at various angles.

The mosquito compound eyes are arranged with tight hexagonal small eyes, and a tight hexagonal protrusion is arranged on each small eye (Fig. 2(e)). This unique composite structure makes the compound eyes of mosquitoes extremely hydrophobic. When the mosquito is exposed to a misty environment, it can be found that very small droplets are not formed on the surface of the mosquito’s eye, and a large amount of droplets are condensed on the fluff around the mosquito’s eye. This extremely hydrophobic nature prevents the droplets from adhering and agglomerating on the surface of the mosquito’s eyes, giving the mosquito a clear view. This discovery provides an inspiring research idea for the development of dry anti-fog surface materials.

?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? 4 ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? 15 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???, ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???, ?? ??????? ???????? ???? 20 ° ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???, ?? ???????? ???????-????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????-???? (??? 2 (??)) ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????-???? ?????-????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????, ????-???????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???

?????? 2 ???-??? ??????? ?? ???-??? ????????????????

Natural Revelation: From the “Lotus Effect” of Self-cleaning Surfaces to the Construction of Superhydrophobic Surfaces

???? ?????, ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??: ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??; ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????

??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ?? ???????????????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????, ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???, ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? 10 mN / m ?? ??, ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????????????, ???? ???????????? ????? ??????, ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????????, ???? ????????, ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???- CF3 ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? 6.7 ???? / ?? 2 ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????, ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???, ???-??-??? ????-???????? ???????, ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????, ????????? ?? ??????, ???????? ???????, ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???-??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???

????-???????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????????: ????????? ?? ??????????

?????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???, ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ???, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??, ?? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????????????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????, ???-?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????-???????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????-???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??, ???????????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???, ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???

??????? ?? ??????? ??, ???????????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????-???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??, ?? ??????????????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????