欧美人妻精品一区二区三区99,中文字幕日韩精品内射,精品国产综合成人亚洲区,久久香蕉国产线熟妇人妻

When a user has the option between a replaceable insert end mill and a solid carbide end mill (hereafter referred to as “solid carbide end mill”), they typically ask a fundamental question: which tool offers better performance? In which machining fields does each tool have more advantages? Rather than being a question of which is superior, it is more about which is better suited to specific applications. Understanding the distinct performance characteristics of each type of tool and how to use them effectively to achieve good machining results is essential.

Generally, compared to traditional insert end mills, solid carbide end mills offer significantly higher machining precision. This fact holds true specifically for the performance of the tool during cutting operations. Although both types of tools may have the same dimensional precision grade, the rigidity of solid carbide material is much higher than that of a steel tool holder with insert blades. This means that solid carbide end bit mills are less likely to undergo deflection or deformation under cutting forces, leading to higher machining precision.

The 3 Elements You Should Take into Consideration when You Select End Mills 2

Base Material of Solid Carbide End Mills

The machining performance of solid carbide end mills largely depends on the type of carbide base material used. The base material is crucial because it must support the cutting edges of the tool, endure significant cutting forces, and prevent any form of tool damage.

To ensure that end mills have sufficient toughness and provide good dynamic resistance, solid carbide end mills typically use micro-grain carbide as the base material (see Figure 2). This base material offers higher hardness and better edge sharpness while maintaining good toughness. However, compared to conventional grain-sized carbide, micro-grain carbide has relatively poorer thermal conductivity (its ability to dissipate heat from the cutting area). This means that heat generated during cutting tends to remain on the tool surface. Therefore, the cutting edges of solid carbide end mills must be able to withstand this cutting heat and manage the contact arc length, which is an important consideration when selecting solid carbide end mills.

The 3 Elements You Should Take into Consideration when You Select End Mills 3

Coating and Cutting Edge Preparation of Solid Carbide End Mills

To enhance tool wear resistance and isolate the cutting zone, which generates heat, from the tool base (since heat accumulation in the base material can shorten tool life), solid carbide end mills are typically coated. Additionally, because the cutting edges of solid carbide end bit mills are quite sharp, appropriate adhesion between the tool base and the coating is also crucial (see Figure 3). This is especially important for smaller diameter solid carbide end mills, where the sharpness of the cutting edges is a key factor in the tool’s machining performance.

The 3 Elements You Should Take into Consideration when You Select End Mills 4

The Ideal Cutting Edge for Solid Carbide End Mills

The ideal cutting edge of a solid carbide end mill should have as high a hardness as possible while minimizing the risk of chipping. This goal can be partially achieved through proper cutting edge preparation. Generally, different solid carbide end mills may employ various cutting edge preparation methods, edge geometries, and sharpness levels depending on the required machining quality and tool life.

 

The cutting edge is the intersection line between the tool’s rake face and flank face. By grinding these faces, a sharp cutting edge can be obtained. However, if a PVD coating is deposited directly on a sharp cutting edge, it can create high internal stresses within the coating. These high internal stresses can cause the coating to crack and peel off during cutting, thereby shortening the tool’s life. The quality and effectiveness of the coating depend on its ability to withstand and/or reduce the wear rate during cutting. To ensure that the coating adheres more firmly to the cutting edge and to prevent edge damage, it is necessary to perform edge reinforcement (or blunting) treatment (see Figure 4). In other words, to ensure machining stability and achieve coating functionality, a certain degree of edge sharpness must be sacrificed, which in turn extends tool life.

The 3 Elements You Should Take into Consideration when You Select End Mills 5

It can even be said that the importance of cutting edge preparation for solid carbide end bit mills outweighs that of base material type and coating technology. Logically, this has a significant impact on the regrinding of solid carbide end mills. After regrinding, if the cutting edge is not re-blunted to restore its initial condition, the full potential of the tool repair cannot be realized. Therefore, considering the high initial cost of solid carbide end mills, it is crucial for the original tool manufacturer or its qualified service centers to handle tool regrinding services.

The 3 Elements You Should Take into Consideration when You Select End Mills 6

Machining Strategies for Solid Carbide End Mills

Solid carbide end mills can be categorized into several major types based on their size and geometry, and further subdivided into many specialized subcategories according to different machining ranges. In various tool application areas, design features such as flute geometry, cutting edge angles, rake and relief angles, and helix angles play crucial roles in differentiating among the types of solid carbide end bit mills. This classification guides the selection of both end mills and machining strategies.

So, which machining strategy is the best choice? This depends on the overall machining goals: is your primary aim to maximize productivity and part output, or to minimize tool costs and simplify tool types? Additionally, it also depends on the workpiece and various related factors: is the tool used for slotting, side milling, or a combination of both?

A final consideration is constraints, such as: what is the potential machining capability of the machine tool? How rigid is the workpiece clamping? These factors might become limiting constraints, preventing the use of more advanced machining strategies or more efficient specialized solid carbide end mills.

The correct choice of solid carbide end bit mill depends on multiple factors, with the most important being the adoption of the correct machining strategy. In practice, many constraints cannot be changed: the machining machine, CAM system, and the material, size, tolerance, and shape of the workpiece are fixed constants. However, within the existing machining system framework, machining results can still be influenced by formulating the right machining strategy and using various methods, and by optimizing cutting conditions through adjustments to feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth according to the overall machining goals.

Based on the selected focus and technical strategy, appropriate solid carbide end mills can be chosen. There are two obvious ways to select tools:

  1. Performance-Based Selection:Choose specialized end mills with specific applications (such as side milling, slotting, or 3D profiling) to achieve optimal performance.
  2. Versatility-Based Selection:Choose general-purpose end bit mills with a wider range of applications but fewer types.

Regardless of the selection method, users need to further narrow down the options within the available varieties and specifications of solid carbide end mills.

The 3 Elements You Should Take into Consideration when You Select End Mills 7

 

????

The material, size, tolerance, and shape of the machined parts are given constants. However, within the existing machining system framework, machining results can still be influenced by formulating the correct machining strategy and employing various methods. Additionally, cutting conditions can be optimized by adjusting feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth according to the overall machining goals.

Based on the chosen focus and technical strategy, appropriate solid carbide end mills can be selected. There are two clear approaches to tool selection:

  1. Performance-Based Selection:Choose specialized end mills designed for specific applications (such as side milling, slotting, or 3D profiling) to achieve the best performance.
  2. Versatility-Based Selection:Choose general-purpose end mills that, while fewer in types, offer a wider range of applications.

Regardless of the selection method, users need to further narrow down the choices within the available varieties and specifications of solid carbide end mills.

?????? 17, 2024

Carbide is an incredible material

???? ???????

?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? *

骚逼被操视频拳交| 中文字幕日韩亚洲| 干美妞肛门在线播放| 国产精品国产三级国| 国产精品一区二区三区涩涩av| 亚洲精品成a人在线观看| 国产中文字幕在线一区二区三区| 午夜无码a级毛片| 国产精品熟女一区二区三区久久夜| 小嫩骚逼操死你视频| 日本熟妇 bbw| 大黑屌爆操日本女人| 性色av一区二区三区天美传媒四| 日韩午夜经典福利| 美女的咪咪和骚逼| 中文字幕av一区二区三区蜜桃| 综合欧美日韩一区二区三区| 一区二区三区亚洲av| 欧美丰满大屁股女人的逼被操视频| 欧美一区二区三区男人的天堂| 好爽又高潮了毛片在线看| 国产三级精品久久久久| 好想大鸡巴插进阴道视频| 国产精品碰碰现在自| 中国美女操逼的视频| 鸡巴插进缝里 日本| 亚洲男性天堂一区二区三区| 亚洲一区二区女同性恋免费看| 中文字幕你懂的av一区二区| 国产中文字幕在线一区二区三区| 色欲色欲色视频综合| 国产品无码一区二区三区在线| 日韩aaa成人免费观看| 国产在线麻豆精品| avtt天堂网先锋伦理| 中国老女人 操逼 视频| 男人把鸡巴插入女人| 藏经阁91福利私人试看| 骚穴手机在线视频| 澳门一区二区免费下线观看| 永久性日韩无码视频|